Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspects, incl

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable strength to safeguard delicate skin. This gentle element has long been employed in a number of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective characteristics. Establishing a physical defense on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful